#HOW TO MAKE A FOOTNOTE IN AN ESSAY HOW TO#
#HOW TO MAKE A FOOTNOTE IN AN ESSAY FULL#

'The Gentry of Kent in 1640,' Cambridge Historical Journal, Vol. “Macdonald, Sir John Alexander.” In The Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Limited, 1959. NOTE: The information is separated for the most part by periods (rather than by commas, as in the footnotes) and the parentheses enclosing the facts of publication are dropped.Įccles, W. (Unlike the footnote reference, the surname is shown first, set off from the rest of the information.) The information required is: author, title, place of publication, publisher and date of publication. This list should be arranged alphabetically by the surname of the author. It should list the relevant sources used in the research for the paper.

The bibliography should be on a separate page. Miller (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991), 224.ĤTobias, 'Canada's Subjugation of the Plains Cree,' 226. Tobias, 'Canada's Subjugation of the Plains Cree, 1879-1885,' in Sweet Promises: A Reader on Indian-White Relations in Canada, ed.

#HOW TO MAKE A FOOTNOTE IN AN ESSAY FULL#

(b) Reference to a source that already has been cited in full form but not in the reference immediately preceding, is made by using the author's last name (but not the first name or initials unless another author of the same surname has been cited), the title-in shortened form, if desired-and the page number.ġWilliam Kilbourn, The Firebrand (Toronto: Clark, Irwin and Company Limited, 1956), 35.ĢJohn L. can be used by itself, if you are referring to the same page as the previous footnote does, or it can be combined with a page number or numbers.ġGerald Friesen, The Canadian Prairies: A History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984), 78. The abbreviation to be used is 'Ibid.,' a Latin word meaning 'in the same place.' (Notice that Ibid. (a) Several quotations in sequence from the same book: After that, however, there are shortcuts which should be used: The first time any book or article is mentioned in a footnote, all the information requested above must be provided. Titles of articles or chapters-items which are only a part of a book-are put in quotation marks.Titles of books, journals or magazines should be underlined or italicized.

#HOW TO MAKE A FOOTNOTE IN AN ESSAY HOW TO#

The final date is the date the website was consulted.įor more information about how to cite electronic information see Xia Li and Nancy Crane, The Handbook for Citing Electronic Resources or. You must provide information about author, title, and date of the document you are using, as follows:ġT. In citing material read on the Internet, it is not sufficient to indicate the website alone. Waite, “Macdonald, Sir John Alexander,” in The Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol. From a standard reference work:ġNorman Ward, “Saskatchewan,” in The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2 nd ed., Vol. Forsey, 'Was the Governor General's Refusal Constitutional?', cited in Paul Fox, Politics: Canada (Toronto: McGraw-Hill Company of Canada Ltd., 1966), 186. From a book containing quotations from other sources:ġEugene A. From an article in a journal:ġPeter Blickle, 'Peasant Revolts in the German Empire in the Late Middle Ages,' Social History, Vol. Eccles, Frontenac The Courtier Governor (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Limited, 1959), 14. The footnotes may be numbered in sequence on each page or throughout the entire essay. 'The only aspect of Frontenac's conduct the king.did not condemn was his care for military security,' Eccles stated, condemning Frontenac's administration. In the text of an essay, material to be footnoted should be marked with a raised number immediately following the words or ideas that are being cited.

Material of an explanatory nature which does not fit into the flow of the body of the text.

Citing authority for statements which are not quoted directly.

(These must be placed in quotation marks). Direct quotations from another author's work.Basically, footnoted material is of three types: Footnotes and Bibliography (25.45 KB) The Use of Footnotesįootnotes are the acceptable method of acknowledging material which is not your own when you use it in an essay.

How to make a footnote in an essay